Resource Lists
SCHOOL RESTROOM DESIGN
Information on designing and retrofitting restrooms in school buildings, including resources on fixtures, materials, finishes, maintenance, safety, and accessibility. References to Journal Articles
Designed for Access in the School Washroom
Gettelman, Alan American School and University; , p32-38 ; Jul 2012
Schools can use up-to-date resources when planning accessible restroom facilities.
Cleaning Costs Are Overlooked In Restrooms
Piper, James Building Operating Management; Jul 2012
Cleaning costs are the most overlooked cost associated with restrooms. Minor changes in how the facilities are designed can make a big difference. For example, installing wall-mounted rather than floor-mounted fixtures and partitions will reduce the time required to clean the restroom.
Five Ways To Reduce Restroom Operating Costs
Piper, James Building Operating Management; Jul 2012
The best time to implement features to save restroom operating costs is during the design process. Take into consideration that over the life of a typical restroom, energy, maintenance, and operating costs will greatly exceed first costs.
Overdesigned Restroom Lighting Systems Can Increase Costs
Piper, James Building Operating Management; Jul 2012
One of the biggest energy costs in a restroom is lighting. Systems that produce too little light give the restroom the appearance of being dingy and dirty. For that reason, most restroom lighting systems are overdesigned. But those systems not only waste energy but also can be uncomfortable for users.
The Lap of Luxury
Milshtein, Amy College Planning and Management; , p25-28 ; Nov 2011
Upscale, homey and robust, today's residence hall bathrooms are more than just necessary rooms. Describes how to provide a great bathroom renovation.
Sanitary, Safe and Green School Restrooms.
Kennedy, Mike American School and University; , p26-28 ; Sep 2011
Well-designed school restrooms can enhance student health, deter misbehavior, and conserve resources. Discusses hygiene, vandalism, and energy conservation.
A Balancing Act for Water Conservation.
Huff, Winston Maintenance Solutions; v19 n5 , p13-15 ; May 2011
Discusses toilet selection options, including the water use, maintenance requirements, and practicality of various models and valve configurations.
Slow the Flow.
Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v83 n9 , p32,34,35 ; May 2011
Notes that facility restrooms typically account for 45 percent of water consumption, and outlines the criteria of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense program, which puts its imprimatur on low water-use fixtures.
Green Restrooms of the Future.
Shoemaker, Dawn American School and Hospital Facility; v33 n6 , p18,20,21 ; Nov-Dec 2010
Profiles the Chicago Department of the Environment building, a renovated industrial facility that boasts abundant sustainability features. Of particular interest are the restrooms, finished almost entirely in recycled materials. Touchless fixtures, dual-flush toilets, waterless urinals, and green cleaning practices complete the scenario.
Good Impressions.
Renner, Jason American School and University; v83 n1 , p26-28 ; Sep 2010
Discusses design and maintenance of restrooms for cleanliness and safety. Vandal-resistant and low-flow fixtures, aesthetically pleasing low-maintenance surfaces, automated toilets and faucets, lighting, and shower partitions are addressed.
Plumbing: Retrofits That Pay.
Hughel, Gregory Maintenance Solutions; v18 n8 , p12,13 ; Aug 2010
Provides a step-by-step strategy for making decisions on choice and effectiveness of retrofits to a school 's water-use systems.
The Benefits of Continuous Cleaning and Touch-Free Solutions.
Heun, Brian American School and Hospital Facility; v33 n4 , p23-25 ; Jul-Aug 2010
Describes the advantages of automatic continuous cleaning devices on toilets and urinals, and advises on their installation and maintenance. Completely touch-free restroom fixtures are also recommended.
Flushing out Restroom Vandalism.
Kollie, Ellen School Planning and Management; v49 n7 , p22,24-26 ; Jul 2010
Discusses building caring relationships with students and design and furnishing choices that may suppress school restroom vandalism. Rapid removal of graffiti and vandal-resistant fixtures are addressed.
How to Select Products for a Green Washroom.
Morden, Lisa American School and Hospital Facility; v33 n4 , p20-22 ; Jul-Aug 2010
Advises on assessing a company's overall environmental record when considering the environmental friendliness of their restroom products. Source reduction of waste, reduction of consumption, and efficiencies of packaging and transportation are discussed.
Restrooms: Green from Top to Bottom.
Wiens, Janet College Planning and Management; v13 n7 , p24,26,27 ; Jul 2010
Discusses environmentally friendly restrooms, including low water-use fixtures, recycled content furnishings and products, low maintenance surfaces, and lighting.
Minimum Standards for School Toilets Are Needed to Improve Child Health.
Perez, Jenny Nursing Times; Jun 22, 2010
Explains how poorly maintained toilets and missing supplies contribute to childhood constipation and toilet-related health problems, and calls for minimum toilet standards and parental inspection.
Restroom Hygiene: The Touchless Revolution.
Hounsell, Dan Maintenance Solutions; v18 n6 , p16,18 ; Jun 2010
Documents new concerns for restroom hygiene. In addition to facilitating the cleaning of surfaces, installing reliable fixtures and accessories, and assuring water conservation, facilities managers must now address concerns for H1N1 and other viruses. The solution is extensive use of hands-free fixtures and accessories.
Technological Advancements.
Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v82 n10 , p26-29 ; May 2010
Balances the need for restroom design and equipment providing good hygiene with the need for judicious use of skin care supplies and amount of water used in showers, sinks, and toilets.
Waste Not.
Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v82 n7 , p38-41 ; Mar 2010
Advises on water savings and hygiene in school bathrooms. Choices in toilet types and hand-drying equipment are addressed.
Restrooms: Smart Specification.
Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v18 n3 , p24,26 ; Mar 2010
Advises on specification of low-waste, water-efficient restroom features, where maintenance and cleaning are easily accomplished.
Sustainability Initiatives at SMU.
Zimmerman, Rob Facility Management Journal; v20 n2 , p59-61 ; Mar-Apr 2010
Describes sustainability efforts at Southern Methodist University, including a 2007 LEED Gold engineering building, and an extensive discussion of the installation and maintenance of vitreous waterless urinals.
Despite H1N1 Threat, Survey Shows Many Still Neglect Hand Hygiene.
Dommisse, Jon Facility Management Journal; v20 n1 , p38-42 ; Jan-Feb 2010
Cites the poor quality of restrooms as a disincentive to hand washing. Attractive and well-maintained facilities, with universal access, hands-free accessories, and solid-surface countertops are recommended.
Why Do Americans Still Neglect Hand Hygiene?
Dommisse, Jon American School and Hospital Facility; v32 n6 , p25,26 ; Nov-Dec 2009
Cites the poor quality of restrooms as a disincentive to hand washing. Attractive and well-maintained facilities, with universal access, hands-free accessories, and solid-surface countertops are recommended.
Plumbing: Rewarding Retrofits.
Matt, Chris Maintenance Solutions; v17 n11 , p18,19 ; Nov 2009
Describes conversion to water-saving plumbing fixtures at the University of Georgia, as well as attention to water use in cooling towers and research buildings. A saving of 90 million gallons of annual water use per year was realized.
Restrooms: Upgrade to Green.
Huff, Winston Maintenance Solutions; v17 n10 , p8,10 ; Oct 2009
Discusses water-saving restroom fixtures, including high-efficiency toilets, and sensor-activated flushing controls. Different faucet flow rates for different types of hand washing are also addressed, as are potential incentives from local water utilities for reducing water use.
Restrooms and Sustainability.
Hounsell, Dan Maintenance Solutions; v17 n8 , p14,16 ; Aug 2009
Describes situations where restroom products are mismatched to the facility or users, creating waste. Adapting to more sustainable products requires examination of present use, selecting appropriate products, ensuring that the products being considered perform as advertised, engaging building occupants, and quantifying success.
Easy Access.
Gettelman, Alan American School and University; v81 n11 , p28-31 ; Jun 2009
Provides graphic design guidelines for accessible school restrooms, emphasizing mounting heights, clearances, and charts listing appropriate specifications for the various age groups.
Green Restrooms: Sustainability Meets Savings.
Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v17 n4 , p14 ; Apr 2009
Advises on savings that can be realized from upgraded plumbing fixtures, air dryers, and dispensers in restrooms. Opportunities for maximizing custodial productivity through better scheduling are also discussed.
Facility Focus: Restrooms/Locker Rooms.
College Planning and Management; v12 n2 , p53,54 ; Feb 2009
Profiles respective new football and swim team locker room facilities at the University of Missouri and University of Texas, emphasizing details of locker construction and installation that accommodate their particular sport.
Germ Wars.
Alderson, Kris American School and University; v81 n6 , p30-33 ; Feb 2009
Advises on attractive restroom design and strategic placement of fixtures to encourage respect for the facility and handwashing. Suggestions include incorporation of architectural interest, durable low-maintenance fixtures, and hands-free faucets and soap dispensers.
K-12 Restrooms.
Devol, James School Planning and Management; v48 n2 , p46,47 ; Feb 2009
Advises on school bathroom design, including layout, ADA requirements, security, materials, fixtures, lighting, and accessories.
Hands Off! Touchfree Faucets are Important Germ-Fighting Tools.
Nortier, Richard American School and Hospital Facility; v32 n1 , p21-23 ; Jan-Feb 2009
Briefly describes typical harmful microbes, their symptoms, and the most effective ways to prevent their transmission. Touch-free lavatory faucets are recommended, with various configurations, heights, sprays, and sensors described.
Putting Waterless to Work.
Yon, Douglas; Cosaboon, David Maintenance Solutions; v17 n1 , p8,10 ; Jan 2009
Describes three current designs for waterless urinals, how they are installed in existing restrooms, maintenance and cleaning of the units, and training of custodial staff to work with them.
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